Ma ka laina kiaʻi ʻana no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hale kiaʻi laina, e hōʻike ana i ka hiʻi a me ka deformation o ka hale kiaʻi hoʻouna i ka hana.

uwea mana conductor tubular

ʻO ke kaula uila tubular conductor kahi ʻano mea lawe i kēia manawa nona ka conductor he keleawe a i ʻole alumini metala circular tube a ua wahī ʻia.

me ka insulation, a ua okiia ka insulation me ka grounding metal shielding layer.I kēia manawa, ʻo 6-35kV ka pae uila maʻamau.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaula mana kuʻuna, ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona, loaʻa iā ia nā pono ʻenehana penei:

1) He tubular ka conductor, me ka ʻāpana ʻāpana nui, ka hoʻoheheʻe wela maikaʻi, ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i kēia manawa (ka hiki ke lawe i kēia manawa o hoʻokahi.

hiki i nā mea hana maʻamau ke hiki i 7000A), a me ka hana mechanical maikaʻi.

2) Ua uhi ʻia me ka insulation paʻa, me ka pale a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, palekana, mālama ʻia a me ka mālama liʻiliʻi;

3) Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho me ka pale kaua a me ka pū, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka wā.

He kūpono nā kaula tubular conductor no nā laina hoʻonohonoho paʻa me ka mana nui, compactness a me ka mamao pōkole i ka hoʻomohala mana hou.

ʻO ke kaula conductor tubular, me kāna mau pono ʻenehana koʻikoʻi e like me ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka nui, ka mālama ʻana i ka lewa, ke kūpaʻa ikaika o ka wā, palekana, maʻalahi.

hoʻokomo a mālama, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaula mana maʻamau, GIL, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona noi a lilo i koho no ka ukana kaumaha.

hoʻolālā pili.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kaula mana tubular conductor i loko o nā substations akamai hou, photovoltaic nui, mana makani, nuklea.

ʻenehana mana, ʻaila, kila, kemika, kaʻaahi uila, ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kūlanakauhale a me nā māla ʻē aʻe, a ua komo pū ka pae uila i ka volta kiʻekiʻe.

kahua mai ka uila haʻahaʻa mua.Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mea hana mai kekahi mau mea hana ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i nā haneli, ʻoi loa ma Kina.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka insulation o nā kaula mana conductor tubular home i ka epoxy impregnated paper casting, silicone rubber extrusion, EPDM extrusion,

polyester film winding a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.Mai ka ʻike hana a me ka hana o kēia manawa, ʻo nā pilikia nui i loaʻa i nā pilikia insulation,

e like me ka hana lōʻihi o nā mea paʻa a me ke koho ʻana i ka mānoanoa insulation, ka mīkini hoʻomohala a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka insulation paʻa.

nā hemahema, a me ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i ka pilina waena a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka ikaika kahua kahua.Ua like kēia mau pilikia me nā pilikia o ka extruded maʻamau

uwea mana insulated.

Uea hoʻokaʻawale kinoea (GIL)

ʻO Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) kahi uila kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻoili mana nui o kēia manawa e hoʻohana ana i ke kinoea SF6 a i ʻole SF6 a me N2 i hui pū ʻia.

insulation, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pā a me ke alakaʻi i ka axis like.Hana ʻia ka conductor me ka paipu alumini alumini, a ua pani ʻia ka pūpū

wili alumini alumini.Ua like ka GIL me ka pahi paipu coaxial i loko o ke kinoea insulated metal enclosed switchgear (GIS).Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me GIS, ʻaʻohe GIL

ka uhaki a me ka arc extinguishing koi, a he mea maʻalahi ka hana ana.Hiki iā ia ke koho i ka mānoanoa pā, ke anawaena a me ka insulation

kinoea, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi like ʻole i ka ʻoihana.No ka mea he kinoea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika loa ʻo SF6, SF6-N2 a me nā kinoea hui ʻē aʻe e hele mālie

hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pani ma ka honua.

Loaʻa iā GIL nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana, ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana mālama, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

nā mana mana a me nā substations, me ke ola lawelawe hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau makahiki.Loaʻa iā ia ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki o ka ʻike hana ma waho, a me ka nui o ka honua

ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma mua o 300 km.Loaʻa iā GIL nā hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana:

1) Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka mana nui me ka hiki ke lawe i kēia manawa a hiki i 8000A.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka capacitance ma mua o ka mea kiʻekiʻe maʻamau.

ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā uwea uila, a me ka uku mana reactive no ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi lōʻihi.He haʻahaʻa ka poho o ka laina ma mua o ko ka laina kiʻekiʻe maʻamau.

nā kaula uila a me nā laina ma luna.

2) Hoʻohana ʻia ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka hana palekana, ʻo ka metala paʻa paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka paipu sealing i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka ʻino.

a me nā mea kaiapuni ʻē aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā laina o luna.

3) E launa pū me ke kaiapuni a puni ma ke ʻano aloha, me ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka hopena electromagnetic i ke kaiapuni.

ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o GIL ma mua o nā laina overhead a me nā uwea uila kiʻekiʻe maʻamau.Nā kūlana lawelawe maʻamau: kaapuni hoʻoili me ka volta o 72.5kV a ma luna;

No nā kaapuni me ka mana hoʻoili nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono hoʻouna maʻamau maʻamau a me nā laina overhead;Nā wahi me

nā koi kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe hāʻule kū i luna a i ʻole nā ​​kumu inclined.

Mai ka 1970s, ua hoʻohana nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i ka GIL.I ka makahiki 1972, ua kūkulu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoili AC GIL mua ma ka honua ma Hudson

Mea Mana Mana ma New Jersey (242kV, 1600A).I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻopau ʻo Wehr Pumped Storage Power Station ma Kelemānia i ka papahana hoʻouna GIL mua ma ʻEulopa

(420kV, 2500A).I kēia kenekulia, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Kina i ka nui o nā papahana hydropower nui, e like me Xiaowan Hydropower Station, Xiluodu

ʻO ke kahua wai wai, Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, Laxiwa Hydropower Station, etc.

hoʻohana lākou i ka hoʻolālā hale mana lalo.Ua lilo ʻo GIL i hoʻokahi o nā ala nui o nā laina komo a i waho, a ʻo ka helu voltage laina ʻo 500kV.

a i ʻole 800kV.

I Kepakemapa 2019, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka papahana kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe ʻo Sutong GIL, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o East China ultra-high.

wīwī uila AC lua lua.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻapuni pālua 1000kV GIL pipeline i loko o ka tunnel ma kahi o 5.8km, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.

ʻO ka 35km ka lōʻihi o ka pipeline ʻeono manawa.ʻO ka pae uila a me ka lōʻihi loa ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua.

ʻO ke kaula polipropylene insulated thermoplastic (PP)

I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaula uila AC me ka cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), nona ka hana lōʻihi.

ka wela ma muli o kona mau waiwai thermodynamic maikaʻi loa.Eia nō naʻe, lawe mai nā mea XLPE i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.Ma waho aʻe o ka paʻakikī e hana hou,

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili a me ke kaʻina degassing ka hopena i ka manawa hana uwea lōʻihi a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, a me nā huahana polar i hoʻopili ʻia e like me

ʻO ka waiʻona cumil a me ka acetophenone e hoʻonui i ka dielectric mau, e hoʻonui i ka capacitance o nā kaula AC, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻouna.

poho.Inā hoʻohana ʻia i nā uwea DC, e lilo nā huahana hoʻohui kea i kumu koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lewa a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma lalo o ka volta DC,

pili nui i ke ola o nā kaula DC.

ʻO Thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) nā hiʻohiʻona o ka insulation maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka plasticizing a me ka hana hou.ʻO ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia

Ua lanakila ka polypropylene thermoplastic i nā hemahema o ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hiki ʻole o ka maʻalahi, a loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana.

ʻenehana hana kelepona, hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai, hoʻonui i ka helu hana, a hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka extrusion cable.ʻO nā loulou keʻa a me nā loulou degassing

waiho ʻia, a ʻo ka manawa hana ma kahi o 20% wale nō o ka XLPE insulated uwea.I ka emi ʻana o nā ʻāpana polar, e lilo ia i a

hiki ke koho no ke kiʻekiʻe-voltage DC uwea insulation.

I kēia kenekulia, hoʻomaka nā mea hana kelepona ʻEulopa a me nā mea hana waiwai e hoʻomohala a kūʻai aku i nā mea thermoplastic PP a me ka mālie

ua hoʻohana iā lākou i nā laina uwea uila uila a me ke kiʻekiʻe.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kaula uila PP no nā ʻumi kaukani

kilomika ma ʻEulopa.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PP i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ke kiʻekiʻe-voltage DC uwea ma ʻEulopa, a me 320kV,

525kV a me 600kV polypropylene insulated DC uwea ua hala i na hoao.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i kahi volta medium insulated PP i hoʻololi ʻia

ʻO ke kaula AC a hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o ka noi hōʻike papahana ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻano e ʻimi ai i nā huahana me nā pae kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke kūlana maʻamau a me ka ʻenekinia

ke holomua nei ka hana.

Kiʻekiʻe wela superconducting uwea

No nā wahi metropolitan nui a i ʻole nā ​​manawa pili nui i kēia manawa, ʻoi loa ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouna ʻana a me nā koi palekana.I ka manawa like,

ua kaupalena ʻia ke alahele hoʻouna a me ka wahi.ʻO ka holomua ʻenehana o nā mea superconducting e hana i ka ʻenehana hoʻouna superconducting a

hiki ke koho no nā papahana.Ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kaila uwea e noho nei a me ka hoʻololi 'ana i ke kaula mana me ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana superconducting uwea, ka

Hiki ke pāpālua ʻia ka mana o ka hoʻouna ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻoholo maikaʻi ʻia ka kuee ma waena o ka ulu ʻana o ka ukana a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka mea hoʻouna o ke kaula superconducting he mea superconducting, a he nui ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ke kaula superconducting.

a he haʻahaʻa loa ka impedance ma lalo o nā kūlana hana maʻamau;Ke hiki mai ka hewa kaapuni pōkole i loko o ka pahu mana a ʻo ke au hoʻouna

ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka manawa koʻikoʻi o ka mea superconducting, e nalowale ka mea superconducting i kona mana superconducting, a me ka impedance o

ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaula superconducting ma mua o ke kaula keleawe maʻamau;Ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hewa, e hana ke kaula superconducting

e hoʻomau i kona mana superconducting ma lalo o nā kūlana hana maʻamau.Inā ke kiʻekiʻe wela superconducting uwea me kekahi hale a me ka 'enehana

hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ke kaula kuʻuna, hiki ke hoʻemi maikaʻi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hewa o kēia manawa.ʻO ka hiki o ke kaula superconducting ke kaupalena

ua like ke au hewa me ka lōʻihi o ke kaula.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka superconducting power transmission network i haku ʻia

ʻAʻole hiki i nā kaula superconducting ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia o ka mana mana, e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka lawe ʻana o ka mana mana, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū kekahi.

ʻO kona hewa i kēia manawa e kaupalena ana i ka hiki, E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi o ka pahu mana holoʻokoʻa.

Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka nalo laina, ʻo ka nui o ka nalowale o ke kelepona superconducting e pili ana i ka nalowale o ka conductor AC, ka nalowale o ka leakage wela o ka paipu insulation, ka pahu kelepona, ka ʻōnaehana refrigeration,

a me ka nalo ʻana o ka wai nitrogen e lanakila ana i ke kūʻē ʻana.Ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka ʻōnaehana refrigeration piha pono, ka nalowale o ka hana o HTS

ʻO ke kelepona ma kahi o 50% ~ 60% o kēlā o ke kaula maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻouna ai i ka mana like.Haʻahaʻa wela insulated superconducting uwea i maikai

ʻO ka hana pale electromagnetic, ma ka manaʻo hiki iā ia ke pale piha i ke kahua electromagnetic i hana ʻia e ka conductor cable, i ʻole e kumu.

pollution electromagnetic i ke kaiapuni.Hiki ke waiho ʻia nā kaula superconducting ma nā ʻano ākea e like me nā paipu lalo, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hana

o nā lako mana a puni, a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka naikokene wai nonflammable e like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻopau pū ia i ka pilikia o ke ahi.

Mai ka 1990s, ʻo ka holomua o ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā lipine superconducting kiʻekiʻe ua hoʻolaha i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o

ʻenehana hoʻoili mana superconducting ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa, Iapana, Kina, South Korea a me nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe

hana i ka noiʻi a me ka noi ʻana i nā uwea superconducting kiʻekiʻe.Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua kālele ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kaula HTS i ka hoʻoili ʻana o AC

uwea, a o ka nui insulation o uwea ka nui anu insulation.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopau maoli ke kelepona superconducting wela i ka

ke kahua hōʻoia o ke keʻena hana a ua komo mālie i ka hoʻohana pono.

I ka honua holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaula superconducting kiʻekiʻe i ʻekolu mau pae.ʻO ka mua, ua hele i loko o ka

ka ʻimi ʻimi mua no ka ʻenehana uwea superconducting wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka lua, no ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka poʻe haʻahaʻa

wela (CD) insulated kiʻekiʻe wela superconducting uwea hiki ke ike maoli i ka noi kalepa ma keia mua aku.Ano, ua komo i ka

noiʻi pae noiʻi o ka CD insulated kiʻekiʻe wela superconducting uea hōʻike papahana.I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa,

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Iapana, South Korea, Kina, Kelemānia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau CD insulated kiʻekiʻe-mehana superconducting cable

nā papahana noi hōʻike.I kēia manawa, ʻekolu mau ʻano o ka CD insulated HTS cable structures: single core, three core and three-

pae coaxial.

Ma Kina, ka Institute of Electrical Engineering o ka Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yundian Inna, Shanghai Cable Research Institute, China Electric Power.

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Research Institute a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā uwea superconducting a loaʻa i nā hoʻokō nui.

Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻopau ʻo Shanghai Cable Research Institute i ka hoʻāʻo ʻano o ka 30m mua, 35kV/2000A CD insulated single core superconducting cable ma

Kina i ka makahiki 2010, a hoʻopau i ka hoʻokomo ʻana, hoʻāʻo a me ka hana ʻana o 35kV/2kA 50m superconducting cable system o Baosteel's superconducting cable

papahana hōʻikeʻike ma Kekemapa 2012. ʻO kēia laina ka mea mua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa insulated kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe superconducting uwea e holo ana ma ka mākia ma Kina,

a ʻo ia hoʻi ka CD insulated kiʻekiʻe wela superconducting laina uwea me ka ukana nui loa i kēia manawa i ka pae voli like ma ka honua.

I ʻOkakopa 2019, ua hala ʻo Shanghai Cable Research Institute i ka hoʻāʻo ʻano o ka CD 35kV/2.2kA mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻekolu ʻōnaehana uea superconducting i loko.

ʻO Kina, ke kau nei i ke kahua paʻa no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka papahana hōʻike.ʻO ka superconducting cable system hōʻike papahana ma Shanghai

ke kūkulu ʻia nei ke kūlanakauhale, alakaʻi ʻia e Shanghai Cable Research Institute, a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana hoʻoili mana e

ka hopena o 2020. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi ala lōʻihi e hele ai no ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula superconducting i ka wā e hiki mai ana.E noiʻi hou ʻia

hana ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kelepona superconducting a me ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua, ʻenehana noiʻi ʻenehana

noiʻi, noiʻi hilinaʻi hana ʻōnaehana, kumu kūʻai o ke ola ʻōnaehana, etc.

Nā manaʻo loiloi a me ka hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa

ʻO ka pae ʻenehana, ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenekinia o nā uwea mana, ʻoi aku ka nui-voltage a me ka ultra-high voltage uila uila.

ka pae holoʻokoʻa a me ka mana ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana uea o ka ʻāina i kekahi ʻano.I loko o ka manawa "13th Five Year Plan", me ka ulu wikiwiki

o ka hana ʻenekinia mana a me ka hoʻoikaika ikaika ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, ka holomua ʻenehana kupaianaha a me ka ʻenekinia kupaianaha

ua loaʻa nā hoʻokō ma ke kahua o nā uwea mana.Loiloi ʻia mai nā ʻano o ka ʻenehana hana, ka mana hana a me ka ʻenekinia

noi, ua hōʻea i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, aia kekahi o ia i ka pae alakaʻi honua.

Uea uila uila kiʻekiʻe loa no ka mana o ke kūlanakauhale a me kāna noi ʻenehana

ʻO ka AC 500kV XLPE insulated power cable a me kāna mau mea hana (ua hana ʻia ke kaula e Qingdao Hanjiang Cable Co., Ltd., a ʻo nā mea hoʻohui.

i hāʻawi ʻia e Jiangsu Anzhao Cable Accessories Co., Ltd.), i hana ʻia e Kina no ka manawa mua, hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana

ʻO 500kV nā papahana uwea ma Beijing a me Shanghai, a ʻo ia nā laina uwea kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka honua.Ua hoʻohana maʻamau

a ua hāʻawi koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻāina a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.

ʻO ke kaula submarine ac a me kāna noi ʻenehana

ʻO ka Zhoushan 500kV ka hoʻoili mana a me ka papahana hoʻololi, i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana ma 2019, he pilina kai kea.

papahana o nā uwea mana polyethylene insulated cross-linked me ka pae uila kiʻekiʻe loa i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua.ʻO nā kaula lōʻihi nui a me

Hana ʻia nā mea hana e nā ʻoihana kūloko (ma waena o ia, ua hana ʻia nā kaula submarine lōʻihi a hāʻawi ʻia e Jiangsu

ʻO Zhongtian Cable Co., Ltd., Hengtong High Voltage Cable Co., Ltd. a me Ningbo Dongfang Cable Co., Ltd. i kēlā me kēia, a ua hana ʻia nā pahu uwea.

a hāʻawi ʻia e TBEA), e hōʻike ana i ka pae ʻenehana a me ka hiki ke hana i nā kaula submarine ultra-high voltage o Kina a me nā mea pono.

ʻO ke kaula uila uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me kāna noi ʻenehana

ʻEkolu Gorges Group e kūkulu i kahi papahana hana makani makani ma Rudong, Jiangsu Province, me ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia he 1100MW.

E hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana uila DC submarine ± 400kV.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaula hoʻokahi e hiki i 100km.E hana ʻia ke kaula a hāʻawi ʻia e

ʻO Jiangsu Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Company.Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papahana e hoʻopau i 2021 no ka hoʻoili mana.A hiki i kēia manawa, ka mua

± 400kV submarine DC cable system ma Kina, i haku ʻia me nā kaula i hana ʻia e Jiangsu Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Co., Ltd.

nā mea hana i hana ʻia e Changsha Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., ua hala i nā hoʻokolohua ʻano ma ka National Wire and Cable Quality Supervision a

Hale Hōʻikeʻike / Shanghai National Cable Testing Center Co., Ltd. (ma hope aku i kapa ʻia ʻo "National Cable Testing"), a ua komo i ka pae hana.

I mea e hui pū ai me ka 2022 International Winter Olympic Games ma Beijing Zhangjiakou, ka Zhangbei ± 500kV flexible DC transmission project

i kūkulu ʻia e ka State Grid Corporation o Kina e hoʻolālā ʻia e kūkulu i ± 500kV flexible DC cable demonstration project me ka lōʻihi o 500m.ʻO nā kaula

a ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea hana e hana piha ʻia e nā ʻoihana kūloko, me ka insulation a me nā mea pale no nā kaula.ʻO ka hana

ke holomua nei.

Kālepa Superconducting a me kāna noi ʻenehana

ʻO ka papahana hōʻike o ka ʻōnaehana kelepona superconducting ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Shanghai, ka mea i hana nui ʻia a kūkulu ʻia e Shanghai Cable

Ke hana nei ka Research Institute, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana hoʻoili mana ma ka hopena o 2020. ʻO ka 1200m ʻekolu kumu.

ʻO ke kaula superconducting (ʻo ia ka lōʻihi loa o ka honua) e koi ʻia e ka hana ʻana o ka papahana, me ka pae volta o 35kV/2200A a helu ʻia i kēia manawa,

ua hōʻea i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a aia kāna mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma ka pae alakaʻi honua.

Uila Uila Uila Ki'eki'e Voltage Gas Insulated (GIL) a me kāna noi 'enekinia

ʻO ka East China UHV AC papalua loop loop network i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana ma Kepakemapa 2019 ma Jiangsu Province, kahi o Sutong.

ʻO ka papahana kiʻi paipu piha ʻo GIL e hele i ke kahawai ʻo Yangtze.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā paipu 1000kV GIL ʻelua i loko o ka tunnel he 5.8km, a ʻo ka

ʻaneʻane 35km ka lōʻihi o ka papahana hoʻoili ʻeono ʻeono.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pae uila o ka papahana a me ka lōʻihi o ka honua.ʻO ka

Hoʻopau pū ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ultra-high voltage gas insulated cable (GIL) e nā ʻoihana hana hale a me nā hui kūkulu ʻenekinia.

ʻenehana hoʻokolohua hana a me ka loiloi o ke kaula uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻano, ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka loiloi ʻana o ka nui o nā kelepona ultra-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe XLPE insulated uwea a me nā mea pono, me ka AC a me

ʻO nā kaula DC, nā ʻāina a me nā kaula submarine, ua hoʻopau nui ʻia i ka "National Cable Inspection".ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻike ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana a maikaʻi loa

Aia nā kūlana hoʻāʻo ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, a ua hāʻawi pū i nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana hana kelepona a Kina a me ka ʻenehana mana.

kūkulu hale.Loaʻa i ka "National Cable Inspection" ka mana loea a me nā kūlana e ʻike, hoʻāʻo a loiloi i ka 500kV grade ultra-high voltage XLPE

nā uwea insulated (me nā kaula AC a me DC, nā kaula ʻāina a me nā kaula submarine) e like me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kikoʻī ma ka home a ma waho, a

ua hoʻopau i nā hana he nui o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no nā mea hoʻohana he nui ma ka home a ma waho, me ka volta kiʻekiʻe o ± 550kV.

Hōʻike piha ʻia nā uea uila ultra-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o luna a me kā lākou hana ʻenekinia i ka ʻoihana kelepona o Kina i ka honua.

pae kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka ʻenehana hou, ka pae ʻenehana, ka mana hana, ka hoʻāʻo a me ka loiloi i kēia kahua.

ʻOihana "Nā ʻiʻo palupalu" a me nā "pōkole"

ʻOiai ua holomua nui ka ʻoihana kelepona a me nā hoʻokō koʻikoʻi ma kēia kahua i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, aia kekahi mau "nāwaliwali" koʻikoʻi.

a i ʻole "nā iwi ʻaoʻao palupalu" ma kēia kahua.Pono kēia mau "nāwaliwali" iā mākou e hoʻoikaika nui e hoʻoponopono a hana hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kuhikuhi a me ka pahuhopu o

hoʻoikaika mau a hoʻomohala.Penei ka wehewehe pokole ana.

(1) EHV XLPE insulated uwea (me ka AC a me DC uwea, aina uwea a me ka submarine uwea)

ʻO kāna "iwi palupalu" koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe a me nā mea pale pale maʻemaʻe loa i lawe ʻia mai, me ka insulation.

a me nā mea pale no nā papahana nui ma luna.He "bottleneck" koʻikoʻi kēia e pono e wāwahi ʻia.

(2) ʻO nā lako hana koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaula i hoʻopili ʻia i ka polyethylene insulated ultra-high voltage cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables.

I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia mai lākou a pau mai nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo ia kekahi "iwi palupalu" o ka ʻoihana.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka holomua nui a mākou i hana ai ma ke kahua o

ʻO nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka "hoʻoponopono" ma mua o ka "mea hana", no ka mea, ke hilinaʻi nei nā mea nui a me nā lako kī i nā ʻāina ʻē.

(3) Uea uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me kāna noi ʻenehana

ʻO nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma luna aʻe a me kā lākou noi ʻenekinia e hōʻike ana i ka pae maikaʻi loa ma ke kahua uwea kiʻekiʻe-voltage o Kina, akā ʻaʻole ko mākou pae holoʻokoʻa.

ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka pae holoʻokoʻa o ke kahua kelepona mana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā "papa pōkole" nui o ka ʻoihana.He nui no hoi na "papa pokole" a

nā loulou nāwaliwali, e like me: ka noiʻi kumu ma luna o nā kaula uila uila kiʻekiʻe a me ka ultra-high voltage a me kā lākou mau ʻōnaehana, ʻenehana synthesis a me nā lako hana o ka maʻemaʻe loa.

resin, kūpaʻa hana o ka hale waena a me nā mea uila uila kiʻekiʻe, ka mana kākoʻo ʻoihana me nā mea hana kumu, nā ʻāpana a me

nā mea kōkua, ka hilinaʻi lawelawe lōʻihi o nā kaula, etc.

ʻO kēia mau "iwi palupalu" a me nā "nāwaliwali" he mau keʻakeʻa a keʻakeʻa no Kina e lilo i ʻāina uwea ikaika, akā ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o kā mākou hoʻoikaika ʻana.

e lanakila i nā pilikia a hoʻomau i ka hana hou.