Ua kapa ʻia nā mea maikaʻi ʻole i ke kahe ʻana i ke auinsulators, a ua kapa ʻia nā insulators he dielectrics.

Loaʻa iā lākou ka resistivity kiʻekiʻe loa.Wehewehe ʻana o ka insulator: Ua kapa ʻia nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokele uila

insulators.ʻAʻohe palena paʻa ma waenainsulatorsa me na alakai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā insulators ʻo ia ka paʻa paʻa ʻana o nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole i loko o nā molekala,

a he ʻuʻuku loa nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki ke neʻe manuahi.ʻO ke au macroscopic i hana ʻia e ka

manaʻo ʻia ka neʻe ʻana he mea hoʻokele ʻole.

ʻO ka hoʻokō

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka conductivity o kahi insulator e ke ʻano o nā electrons i loko o ka mea.ʻO ke ʻano o

ʻO nā electrons i loko o ke aniani ke hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu ikehu.He mea me ka hoolele hakahaka loa

ʻO ka pūnaʻi a me ka hui valence piha he mea hoʻokaʻawale.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka ikehu ma waena o ka lalo o ka hui conduction

a me ka piko o ke kaula valence (band I ka nui o ka lua ikehu, aole ia e lawe i ka uila ma lalo o ka

kahua uila maʻamau.No nā mea me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu, ʻoiai lākou he insulators i ka wā wela

he haʻahaʻa, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ʻoliʻoli nā electrons band valence i ka hui conduction, a ʻo lākou

e alakai i ka uila.Eia kekahi, i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā electrons a i ʻole nā ​​lua ma ka pae haumia i loko o ka ʻāpana band

hauʻoli i ka hui conduction a i ʻole valence band, e alakaʻi pū ia i ka uila.

Ka ikaika o ke kahua uila

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā insulators paʻa i ʻelua ʻano: crystalline a me amorphous.ʻAʻole piha ka insulator maoli

ʻaʻole-conductive.Ma lalo o ka hana a ke kahua uila ikaika, ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ka insulator

e hemo a lilo i uku manuahi, a e luku ʻia ka hana insulation.ʻO kēia hanana

kapa ʻia ʻo dielectric breakdown.Ua kapa ʻia ka ikaika nui o ke kahua uila e hiki ai i kahi mea dielectric ke kū

ka ikaika o ke kahua wawahi.